An SEO audit is the work of systematically diagnosing a website's technical SEO elements and identifying the problems that hinder how search engines evaluate it. It evaluates the health of the site from multiple perspectives, including crawl efficiency, indexing status, site structure, page speed, mobile support, and redirect configuration.
The main items checked in an audit are as follows. On the crawling side, the robots.txt settings, the coverage of the sitemap, and how the crawl budget is being consumed are checked. On the indexing side, misconfigured noindex tags, duplicate content, and the consistency of canonical tags are verified. On the redirect side, redirect chains (multi-hop redirects), redirect loops, and inappropriate use of 302 redirects are detected.
SEO problems involving short URLs are also covered by an audit. One of them is a redirect chain that passes through a short URL. For example, when three or more redirects occur, as in a short URL to an old URL to a new URL, crawling incurs extra round trips and the time until the page is displayed also grows. An expired short URL can also return a 404 error, leaving backlinks without a destination.
Audit tools include those that perform crawl-based technical audits (such as Screaming Frog SEO Spider) and those that analyze backlinks and check indexing status (such as Ahrefs and Semrush). The reports on page indexing in Google Search Console are also available for free and let you check indexing problems directly. An audit is not a one-time task; carrying it out regularly, such as quarterly, and finding / fixing newly arising problems early leads to continuous SEO improvement.